" You can be fugly and have a ton of Charisma like the Sibriex above. Tome of Understanding. Gather your party and venture forth!. A fighter with an int of 8; you say int is his dump stat. Maximum 0. #3. (D&D 5e) tabletop RPG. (The periapt of wisdom and cloak of charisma are MIA, for whatever reason. They may also be able to channel their inner strength. A community all about Baldur's Gate III, the role-playing video game by Larian Studios. Aura strong divination; CL 17th. You should consider making a charisma main character so you can be the face of the party. Charisma. You have advantage on Charisma ( Persuasion) checks made to interact with dwarves. The affected creature is unable to use Intelligence- or Charisma-based skills, cast spells, understand language, or communicate coherently. Headband of Alluring Charisma +2 and Lesser Extend Rod. Crown gives +6 to Wisdom, Intelligence and Charisma. Your Class determines your Spell’s stat. I think charisma is a horribly misunderstood ability score in the game. • 3 mo. It has everything a Bard needs, though, you must take two levels in it. In those (unmodded) games these types of items provide set stats. Therefore, "the creature" has its intelligence and charisma reduced to 1 and can't do all the things that it says they can't do. Its Wyll. The "Charisma caster problem" has been a meme since the release of 5th Edition, with a total of 3 full casters (Bard, Sorcerer, Warlock (Citation needed on Warlock being a "full" caster)), one half caster (Paladin), and three subclasses (Purple Dragon Knight Fighter, Swashbuckler Rogue, Enchantment Wizard as most Enchantment spells are based on. You're. Basic. This spell changes your actual ability score from whatever it was previously to 1. When worn and attuned to a user, it raises the wearer’s Wisdom score by +2. This is a simple enough question, that I just can't seem to find the answer to, in regards to 3. Now, when I equip the Ring, their score in the character screen improves just like it should. Drow's Headband of intellect #3Mutant Bloodhunter has mutagens that boost Int, Dex or Str even though it has downsides (Int - Cha saves disadv, Dex - Wis saves disadv, Str - Dex saves disadv). The headband grants the wearer an enhancement bonus to Intelligence of +2, +4, or +6. 8 + 4 (my Spellcasting Ability Modifier for Wisdom) = 12. Vault of Splintered Souls: A D&D 5th Edition Megadungeon: An epic 5E adventure with 14 lethal floors for 6th to 10th level characters. Your Spell Save DC = 8 + your Spellcasting Ability modifier + your Proficiency Bonus + any Special Modifiers. This deception can encompass everything from misleading others through ambiguity to telling outright lies. Effects [] Once they attune to the item, a Headband of Intellect sets the wearer's Intelligence score to 19. You need a charisma of 11 to cast 1st level spells. Existence of Volo's Ersatz eye which gives +1 to Charisma. Probably not worth it, but it exists. In this Magic Circle 5e Guide, we’re here to look at D&D’s version of magic and, more specifically, a particular D&D spell called. r/BaldursGate3. Primary ability: Strength. This delicately engraved silver headband grants its wearer a +3 competence bonus on Charisma -based checks. No bonuses are applied to it. With this weapon in your hands, nasty ambushes from sneaky enemies becomes a thing of the past. It seems OP for such an early find. Here are a few examples: Amulet of Health: This magic item increases the character's Constitution score by 2, which in turn can improve thei. This attractive silver headband is decorated with a number of small red and orange gemstones. History []. so let's say you take a wizard 1 dip to be able to learn extra spells, you can keep intelligence at 8, use the headband to. You gain a +2 item bonus to Deception and Diplomacy checks. When in a character’s possession, it adds a +2, +4, or +6 enhancement bonus to her Charisma score. Cleric (Merciful Healer): The Merciful Healer gives up the ability to channel negative energy or to use Channel Energy to harm undead for the ability to. Sean-Jardine • 3 yr. All the time. Item Tags: Buff Headwear. Headband of Alluring Charisma: Helpful but not essential, so don’t pour too much money into it. Your Spellcasting ability modifier is then the same as your modifier for that attribute. but 5e isn't really laid out for this; 3. Combine Smith Tools + Wisdom Crafting Supplies + Headband of Intellect = Headband of Wisdom. This book contains guidelines for influencing and charming others, and its words are charged with magic. (Wheee telepathic spymaster) My proficiency bonus would be +3 because at levels 5-8 your proficiency bonus is +3, and I am Level 7. I must keep the details secret, but I have to create a character which has highest possible charisma at 20th ECL (LA buyoff possible, which means character can be like 20 rogue death knight). This amulet toughens the wearer’s body and flesh, giving him or her an enhancement bonus to his or her natural armor of +6 or higher, depending on the type of amulet. Two (the headband of intellect boosting Int, and the gauntlets of ogre power boosting Str) are uncommon, and one (the amulet of health boosting Con) is rare. Uncommon - Gauntlets of Ogre Power (19 Strength) - Headband of Intellect (19 Intelligence) - Potion of Hill. 5e is generally much lower magic, with magic items being very powerful. Other casters use mental strength or borrow the power of nature but sorcerers cast from the soul. I believe Temporary only affects things like skill checks and attack. Spell Description. If he is caught flat-footed or otherwise denied his Dexterity bonus, he also loses this bonus. As a Headband of Intellect (any variety), but you are now considered "trained" in all Knowledge skills and may make checks for them, even though the you may not have any ranks in it. 00 for just $39. This particular circlet is covered in yellow slime and has pieces of half-digested mutton. 5 Answers. Headband of Mental Superiority. Yes, there are several magic items in D&D 5E that can increase or change a character's charisma. 14. Gather your party and venture forth!But for fighter they aren’t the “best” race to pick. Epic Wondrous Item Descriptions. It's stacked and kind of overpowered in my opinion when you get to cash in on. Open Game. After being read, the book loses its magic for one hundred years. Baldur's Gate III is based on a modified version of the Dungeons & Dragons 5th edition (D&D 5e) tabletop RPG ruleset. The modifier associated with that ability score is their spellcasting ability modifier—which in turn determines their spell save DC. cRPG Bro Nov 22, 2021 @ 6:01pm. . The creature's Charisma score is 17 while wearing the headband. Basic (1,000 silvers). All of a cleric’s spells are effected by wisdom. The target takes 4d6 psychic damage and must make an Intelligence saving throw. Itmt you can either: Lvl3 warlock pact of the Blade [for Cha based melee weapon attacks] Buy Potions of hill giant strength [str21 for a fight] Feat +2str. 0a. Source: Dungeon Master's Guide. This skill-focused build also includes nine skills with Expertise for. BG3 is the third main game in the Baldur's Gate series. Lets say you have 15 INT, and a headband of intellect. The headband slot consists of bands, headbands, phylacteries, and other non-head-slot items that can be worn on the head. 21. Gather your party and venture forth!The Open RPG Games industry has come together to create a mega-bundle to help, with all proceeds going to help Owen with those bills. More appropriate. Hags hair +1str or +1cha. Hands: –. The circlet grants a +2 bonus to the wearer's Wisdom and Charisma scores when attuned. Modifiers: Intelligence: 19. That is a good change in my opinion. It has no effect on you if your Intelligence is 19 or higher without it. You get feebleminded. The 3e warlock used Charisma, the 4e warlock used both Charisma and Intelligence, the D&D Next playtest warlock used Intelligence, and then the final PHB warlock used Charisma. Charisma measures your ability to interact effectively with others. This amulet toughens the wearer’s body and flesh, giving him or her an enhancement bonus to his or her natural armor of +6 or higher, depending on the type of amulet. Secondly, the Mental Prowess headband does exactly that. Silver-Tongued: Ideal for characters who specialize in smooth-talking and negotiation. Headband of Twisted Intellect. Planar Navigation: a +2 enhancement bonus to Charisma, a +1 AC bonus against extra-planar creatures, and gives the wearer the ability to dominate outsiders three times a day. These spells often affect the target’s behavior, emotions, or control over their actions. ) Secondly, a score of 18 is the highest that a person "usually" achieves. That would denote they high much higher wisdoms than charisma. All versions also grant the wearer an enhancement bonus to one mental ability score (Intelligence, Wisdom, or Charisma) of +2, +4, or +6. The items that go in the head slot of the Character inventory. The mortal limit without supernatural help is 20 Charisma. Firebolt Cantrip. Back when he had his own. This ordinary bag, made from gray, rust, or tan cloth, appears empty. The headband grants the wearer an enhancement bonus to Charisma of +2, +4, or +6. Now, let’s calculate Spell Save DC: You always start with 8. In Kingmaker you could even get a +6 to Int, Cha, and Wis headgear. So it's still good--at level 5, a Magic Initiate: Warlock will get two projectiles of Eldritch Blast (1d10 * 2) and and allowing you two instances of Hex (1d6 * 2). This means, Lump the Enlightened must die. He often shimmers when excited, however the blade itself glows a dim pink when he. Craft to change Warped Headband of Intelligence to instead boost Wisdom or CharismaHeadband of Alluring Charisma Source Ultimate Equipment pg. Thematically, it makes perfect sense to me. at least in 5e. ago. DESCRIPTION. Slot: headband. Important to note for stats - if Larian follows official 5E rules, you need a 13 in both INT and WIS as a requirement to multiclass as a Druid and Wizard. The wasps shine as brightly as gold and fly in an intricate, mesmerizing pattern. That's strong enough without needing to speed up the cha bonus perk. An Ioun stone is named after Ioun, a god of knowledge and prophecy revered on some worlds. Caster Level: 20th; Prerequisites: Craft Wondrous Item, Craft Epic. The Headband of Intellect is a magic item in the same vein as the Amulet of Health, since its wearer will have one ability score set to 19, a great stat for any low-level character. (magic item) If you really wanted to do this I think a fun way to do it is to have it be cursed, it's a headband that give you 18 into, but you lose charisma equal to the int you gained, (in his case -8 charisma) and the headband must be worn for 12 hours before you can remove it (so he is stuck with his alternative stat spread for a while). Ioun Stone, Insight. A temporary boost to an attribute adds to the attribute only for purposes of stat modifiers to skills and damages, lifting, Stat rolls, and ability to take attribute damage. Item. ago. CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS On command, this elaborate golden headband projects a blast of searing light (5d8 maximized for 40 points of damage) once per day. 5e really tries to keep stats capped at 20 for balance purposes. If you want high charisma my suggestion would be to just play a class that benefits from it or use a companion that does. Dead Man's Headband Dead Man's Headband (Ultimate Equipment) will increase the DC of any fear effect you create by 1. This is why charisma gives sorcerers and warlocks extra powers, as they use their souls as the vessel of their power. I guess the idea is that the warlock's force of will helps them better wield/convince their patron's pact magic to work for them, similar to how a sorcerer uses. Useful if you're facing an IotSV or a prismatic wall etc. Life Domain:Headband of Intellect. He'd need to rest first, but yes he can. 5e (which I haven't played) seems to be a better avenue here. One of my players told me that the Charisma saving throw for Banishment is essentially a check on the target's sheer "force of will" to remain in their present plane. With this character's compulsive multi-classing, I need my cloak of resistance +4 to have good saves. +18 Charisma (from High Half Elf + Ersatz Eye)Headband of Spiritual Focus. ) just set your ability score to that specific value, if it's not already higher. Lord of Fetid Obliteration Compendium - Sources->Waterdeep: Dungeon of the Mad Mage door. 95! Note: The download file is VERY LARGE so it may take some time to download depending on your internet connection speed. ”. It may not be granted by a class feature neither a racial feature unless it enhances the very ability of charisma (like Doomlord). 95! Note: The download file is VERY LARGE so it may take some time to download. These crystalline stones always float in the air and must be within 3 feet of their owner to be of any use. 5 Answers. These wondrous items are usually use-activated or triggered by a command word, but details vary from item to item. Banded Mail – d20PFSRD. 5. BG3 is the third main game in the Baldur's Gate series. The headband grants the wearer an enhancement bonus to Charisma of +2, +4, or +6. 248, PRPG Core Rulebook pg. I am fine with the game as is however . Resilient (Charisma): For those focused on resisting magical effects that target their force of personality, Resilient is a great option. This is certainly not an item that should be in 5e, since it is an entirely different system that expects you to have floating +X bonuses where 5e intentionally avoids. Reviewing the Classes that are. DESCRIPTION. All spellcasters in D&D 5e rely on a single stat (ability score) to cast their spells. It increases your Charisma score by 1 and gives you proficiency in Charisma saving throws. the creature's Intelligence and Charisma scores become 1. -5th Level Domain Spell “Wind Wall” is replaced with “Sleet Storm”. Aura faint transmutation; CL 5th; Slot head; Price 4,500 gp; Weight —. (Wheee telepathic spymaster) - The ioun stone that. TheInnerFifthLight • 2 yr. Your character is a combination of game statistics, roleplaying hooks, and your imagination. DESCRIPTION. Baldur's Gate III is based on a modified version of the Dungeons & Dragons 5th edition (D&D 5e) tabletop RPG ruleset. Circlet of Persuasion. Treasure. It has the added advantages that it is only uncommon, so you could find it. My proficiency bonus would be +3 because at levels 5-8 your proficiency bonus is +3, and I am Level 7. You get 35 base speed. Wondrous item, rare (requires attunement) While wearing this cloak, your Charisma is effectively 2 points higher. Gather your party and venture forth! Members Online [BG3] [51ft] Shadowzel or Shartzel hardcore. Scanlan read and finished the tome during Vox Machina's journey through the Feywild,. You're combining bonuses. Cloak of Charisma: This lightweight and fashionable cloak has a highly decorative silver trim. This intricate gold headband is decorated with several small blue and deep purple gemstones. Now Paladin is mainly a martial class with the ability to use magic, in that order. The subject remains in this state until a heal. It’s more expensive than some AC. Permanent Spells Reduce Person : A medium Swashbuckler may appreciate the bonus Dexterity, but remember that if it drops your Strength below 13 you won’t be able to use Power Attack. The curse doesn’t advance while the target is in sunlight or the area of a daylight spell; don’t count that time. (I know theres a +4 at the end of Chap 2 while searching with google. Any permanent (racial bonus, other feats, ASIs, boons, class features, Manual of Gainful Exercise), as well as ongoing/temporary (Ioun Stone of Fortitude),. Also if you used my build but switched wisdom in place of charisma and leveled into Gloom stalker, you could change the rouge subclass to Assassin. Depending on your character’s class, they’ll use either Intelligence, Charisma, or Wisdom for spellcasting. You get a few cantrips, including the beloved vicious mockery, as well as access to fear. 32 DEX is harder, especially for MAD classes like monks, but you could get there at high levels if you really wanted to. Testing: Combine Smith Tools + Charisma Crafting Supplies + Headband of Intellect = Headband of Charisma. Mechanically, I'd get the group's opinion. And for gauntlets, something like hands should be there, you won't put them on wings. Wondrous item, uncommon. In short, Wisdom is the power to hear and interpret the workings of the Gods in the worlds. For social reasons, Miraluka hide their appearance by wearing a headband, a mask, or similar concealing headwear. Charisma: Battle Dancer 1 (Dragon Compendium Vol. A wearer’s Wisdom score can be raised above normal racial maximums through wearing this item (that is. Baldur's Gate III is based on a modified version of the Dungeons & Dragons 5th edition (D&D 5e) tabletop RPG ruleset. The most commonly used spellcasting ability is charisma, however. But I really like the paladin aura and that's why I would still increase your charisma to at least 18. Feeblemind specifically alters your base ability score:. Treat this as a temporary ability bonus for the first 24 hours the headband is worn. The. Upcasting Scorching Ray allows for +1 ranged spell attack per slot level. The Headband of Alluring Charisma is a pathfinder item, googling it I saw that someone posted it as a homebrew item on D&D beyond as a 5e item with links to the pathfinder. The cursed target loses 1 point of Charisma after each hour, as its head takes on fiendish aspects. It's not that important. That’s Charisma (Arcana). At this moment, there are three "boost stat to 19" items. Discovery Regarding Volo’s “Surgery”. 5e has: Gauntlets of ogre power (Strength) Amulet of health (Constitution) Headband of intellect (Intelligence) Prior versions also gave us: Gloves of dexterity (Dexterity) Periapt of wisdom (Wisdom) Cloak of charisma (Charisma) Specifically for a headband, similar shape and size of the head should be required, because without vertical forehead, or with ears on the top, it's hard to keep it on. I'm playing a 5th level Warlock and I would like to increase my Wisdom in order to multiclass. Their primary ability is charisma and saving throws are constitution and. Slot: headband. Headband of Intellect. A wizard is unlikely to want a headband of. No. +3 to the stat at Bloodhunter levels 3-10, +4 at levels 11-17, +5 at levels 18-20. Shield. But here's the thing, cantrips scale with your character's level. DESCRIPTION. Hell you could dump int in any class build and use the headband to make perception, history, arcana, etc INT checks where otherwise your character would probably have low INT. +3 (at L20) Champion Fighter 2 7 from Remarkable Athlete, because Initiative is a Dexterity check. saving throws). You could also easily just put a couple of points into int on a non Wizards. Wondrous Item, rare (requires attunement) A hag mask is a powerful magic item with horrifying origins. Adventuring Gear (Wondrous Item, Head) Category: Items. If you spend 48 hours over a period of 6 days or fewer studying the book's contents and practicing its guidelines, your Charisma score increases by 2, as does your maximum for that score. The goal is to be able to upcast the most powerful version of the Animated Dead spell, which allows you to call upon Ghouls and. ago. Aura moderate transmutation; CL 8th; Slot headband; Price 4,000 gp (+2), 16,000 gp (+4), 36,000 gp (+6); Weight 1 lb. DESCRIPTION. It's important to find a race that offers the best boost to the Wizard's core stat and contributes to their unique skill set. This appears to be the only source of a sacred bonus to Charisma. The headband grants the wearer an enhancement bonus to Charisma of +2, +4, or +6. Treat this as a temporary ability bonus for the first 24 hours the headband is worn. The times of whatever will boost it for you but generally you can only use those once before in a campaign if ever. In 1369 DR, one of the rings of charisma of ancient Myth Drannor could be found in the Dwarven Dungeons under the. Circlet of Persuasion Item 17. The target takes 4d6 psychic damage and must make an Intelligence saving throw. Price Varies; Aura moderate. The Difficulty Class for a saving throw against your spell is 10 + the spell’s level + your Charisma modifier. in act 3 you can buy gloves that give +2 enhancement bonus to charisma, in act 4 you can find a tome that you can use for a +2 inherent bonus to charisma and in act 5 you can get a robe that adds +4 enhancement bonus to charisma, but the opportunity costs for that one is. Amulet of Epic Natural Armor. 1, p. Those two ability scores are too broadly useful in skill checks, and are generally of extremely high value. You could also easily just put a couple of points into int on a non Wizards. High Elf Fighters don't get any kind of edge as an EK either. Flavorwise, Intelligence is any information that a character knows is a fact, and is a representation of all of a character’s learning. Effect Subtype > Charisma Score (alternatively choose "Choose ability score", "Charisma Saving Throws", or "Charisma Ability Checks") If you want/need to select the sources relevant to your game, or leaving it open will search all sources; Click the big blue "Filter Magic Items" button; The results are any item that includes the Bonus Charisma. I really enjoy Tempest Cleric 2/Storm Sorc 10 for the flavor aspect of it. On a failed save, the creature’s Intelligence and Charisma scores become 1. -9th Level Domain Spell “Tree Stride” is replaced with “Wall of Stone”. On a failed save, the creature's Intelligence and Charisma scores become 1. g. There's a distinction between Temporary and. Can he then learn and cast 8th level spells?Aura strong transmutation; CL 16th; Slot headband; Price 16,000 gp (+2), 64,000 gp (+4), 144,000 gp (+6); Weight 1 lb. Wisdom is the main ability score of 2 caster classes: cleric and druid. Even though they don’t feel joy or love or sadness. Intelligence vs Wisdom 5E. A lot of items in D&D 5e have the function of setting an attribute to a fixed value. Gather your party and venture forth!Charisma is the force of a person's soul. The target takes 4d6 psychic damage and must make an Intelligence saving throw. The Headband keeps it at 19. So far, I have a 24 Charisma score. Not really you'd want a charisma based class for that ideally. Feats on the other hand depend a lot on your char. Over time these masteries have been eclipsed by other classes which overcame a lot of the issues which. GameStop Moderna Pfizer Johnson & Johnson AstraZeneca Walgreens Best Buy Novavax SpaceX Tesla. Headband of the Wolf. It's a spell by spell basis, but essentially it affects your "accuracy" with spells. Circlet of Persuasion. For this build, you'll want to go the Necromancy (9) subclass for Wizard, The Fiend (2) subclass for Warlock, and Storm Sorcery (1) for Sorcerer. Activate [one-action] envision Frequency once per day; Effect When you are. A Zarial Tiefling is probably your bet. Arcane Trickster is a Subclass of Rogue in Baldur's Gate 3. First of all, don't think of it as combining "items". Beyond that you're looking at temporary buffs which mostly come from class features, or expensive short lasting elixirs. ago. Last edited by kodama ; Nov 22, 2021 @ 6:01pm. As a DM you make the ruling. D&D 5E lists twelve classes that you can choose from in the Player’s Handbook. Have protection fighting style and use plate and a shield to help your party. 58 Basic Rules) Deception, Intimidation, Performance, Persuasion. Neck: This slot consists of amulets. Treat this as a temporary ability bonus for the first 24 hours the headband is worn. A community all about Baldur's Gate III, the role-playing video game by Larian Studios. (magic Item) All-Seeing Eye All-Seeing Eye (Giant's Revisited) +1 insight bonus to the DC of divination spells you cast. But I never played tabletop D&D prior to 5e, only Baldur's Gate and Icewind Dale. e. You can be super hot and have terrible Charisma like Chris Pine. Wondrous Item, uncommon (requires attunement) Your Intelligence score is 19 while you wear this headband. ago. Headband of Mental Prowess (combinations of 2 stats) 10,000 gp for +2, 40,000 gp for +4, and 90,000 gp for +6. Start with a level in Rogue to get Expertise in Deception and Persuasion and 4 skill proficiencies (plus armor & weapon proficiencies and a couple extra hitpoints), then Illusionist Wizard the rest of the way. It would surprise me if you couldn't get a normal one in later acts of the game, which increases your int to 19. The goal is to be able to upcast the most powerful version of the Animated Dead spell, which allows you to call upon Ghouls and. 14. Driven by discipline and the mystical force Ki, they destroy their enemies quickly and effectively. Bonuses of the same type usually don't stack. Often, the headband contains additional designs to further accentuate the appearance of a third, crystal eye. This would have similar total initiative but with the bonus of first round crits! Not nearly as charming though. For this reason, I believe the three uncommon versions of instrument of the bard – a doss flute, fochlucan bandlore, and mac-fuirmidth cittern – to be among the best uncommon items in the basic rules of D&D 5e. Charisma skill (for advisor purposes). Periapt of wisdom (Wisdom) . This cursed scrying device is indistinguishable, at first glance, from a. BG3 is the third main game in the Baldur's Gate series. This elegant silver band often resembles curling fig leaves and fits around your brow. Aforementioned level cap. But once they become permanent (After 24 hours), the affect everything else (Constitution adds to health, INT adds to skills. On command, this elaborate golden headband projects a blast of searing light (5d8 maximized for 40 points of damage) once per day. Baldur’s Gate 3 Build Guides: Eldritch Knight. The Headband of Intellect's design is that of a very thin golden circlet. +4 Headband of Charisma +4 Belt of Strength and Dexterity +2 Amulet of Mighty Fists Your AC at level 8 would be 33: 10 + 4 Armor + 2 Deflection + 5 Dexterity + 5 Charisma + 1 Dodge Feat + 2 Monk Dodge Bonus + 4 Natural Armor from Barkskin ki power = 33 AC. Every martial should either use Str or Dex pick one dumb the other. When you invest the headband, you either increase your Wisdom score by 2 or increase it to 18, whichever would give you a higher score. The creature's Charisma score is 17 while wearing the headband. The ability that governs bonus spells depends on what type of spellcaster your character is: Intelligence for wizards; Wisdom for clerics, druids, and rangers; and Charisma for bards, paladins, and sorcerers. Aura faint transmutation; CL 5th; Slot head; Price 4,500 gp; Weight —. Baldur's Gate III is based on a modified version of the Dungeons & Dragons 5th edition (D&D 5e) tabletop RPG ruleset. The spell ends if the hat is removed. +1 on your modifier gives you around 5% more hitchance, depending on the spell +1 to damage etc. Its Wyll. Additional uses of combat spells are normally found on higher-level items. While the gods work through a Paladin certainly, the Paladin is powered by their conviction in their oath first and foremost above all other things. Yeah avoid homebrew until you get a better feel for 5e. SeramusA community all about Baldur's Gate III, the role-playing video game by Larian Studios. A headband of aerial agility +6 functions like a +4 version, but the headband grants the ability to use fly at will. - Circlet of Persuasion.